Is a patient's disorientation associated with arrhythmia?
Before concluding that a disoriented patient has a mental problem, check the ECG.
I recently saw a confused, combative man rapid pulse attributed to overexertion. The ECG showed atrial flutter with a heart rate of 150 beats per minutes. When sinus rhythm was restored with 50 watt-seconds of synchronized DC countershock, the cerebral anoxia associated with the arrhythmia cleared, and the man became quite calm.
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