Samantha Butts, MD

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy among reproductive-aged women; the prevalence is 5% to 10%.1 Like women with PCOS, affected adolescents often present with irregular menses, hirsutism, and acne. However, despite widespread agreement that the metabolic derangements of PCOS arise during puberty, the condition is diagnosed more often in adults than in adolescents.

PCOS treatment is multimodal. The levonorgestrel intrauterine device is a suitable treatment for dysfunctional uterine bleeding associated with the syndrome.

ABSTRACT: The key features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are menstrual bleeding disturbances caused by chronic oligoovulation or anovulation and clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism. The finding of polycystic ovaries on ultrasonography alone has limited predictive value. Obesity often coexists with PCOS and can exacerbate metabolic disturbances, particularly insulin resistance, but it is not a diagnostic finding. Laboratory results can rule out other conditions in the differential, such as an androgen- producing neoplasm, hypothyroidism, and late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

The treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is based on the patient's presenting symptoms and any significant abnormal findings. Symptoms can be managed with combined oral contraceptives (OCs), insulin-sensitizing agents, antiandrogens, and medications used to induce ovulation.