A retrospective analysis of US claims data examined biologic switch rates over 24 months in patients with CD initiating a new biologic. The 14% switch rate observed for risankizumab was lower than rates reported for ustekinumab (21%), vedolizumab (30%), infliximab (33%), and adalimumab (36%), according to the study findings. The investigators reported that this pattern held in biologic-naïve patients as well. While lower switch rates may reflect treatment durability, real-world claims analyses are subject to confounding by indication, and direct causal inference is limited without randomized comparative data.
Upadacitinib: Hospitalization Outcomes and Perianal Fistulizing Disease
A propensity score–matched retrospective analysis of US claims data compared patients with CD or UC who switched to upadacitinib against those who underwent dose escalation of a current biologic. Patients who switched to upadacitinib demonstrated 31% lower odds of hospitalization and 26% lower odds of emergency department visits than those who escalated biologic dosing, according to the study. These findings, while hypothesis-generating, require prospective validation.
- Drug 1: Risankizumab (SKYRIZI); IL-23 inhibitor
- Drug 2: Upadacitinib (RINVOQ); JAK-1–selective inhibitor
- Indications: Crohn's disease; ulcerative colitis
- Study: ASPIRE-CD; 52-week real-world registry
- Switching data: 14% switch rate for risankizumab
- Risankizumab: CS use fell from 34% to 7% at Wk 52
- Upadacitinib: 31% lower hospitalization odds vs dose escalation
- PFCD: SES-CD improved through Wk 52 on upadacitinib
- Safety signals: Infection, hepatotoxicity (RZB); MACE, VTE (UPA)
- Regulatory status: Both FDA-approved; SQ induction filing pending
In a post-hoc analysis of two Phase 3 trials in perianal fistulizing CD (PFCD), patients who responded to upadacitinib 45 mg induction were re-randomized to maintenance with upadacitinib 15 mg, 30 mg, or placebo for 52 weeks. Upadacitinib-treated patients demonstrated endoscopic improvements through Week 52 as measured by the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD), regardless of fistula response status. The majority of patients in this cohort had inadequate prior response to anti-TNF therapy.
Clinical Context and Drug Background
Risankizumab is a selective IL-23 inhibitor targeting the p19 subunit, FDA-approved for moderately to severely active CD, UC, plaque psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis.¹ AbbVie announced on April 27, 2026, that it had submitted an application to the FDA for approval of a subcutaneous induction formulation for CD. Upadacitinib is a JAK inhibitor with preferential JAK-1 selectivity, approved for multiple immune-mediated inflammatory conditions including CD and UC, among others.² Both agents carry established safety considerations: risankizumab requires monitoring for serious infections, TB reactivation, and hepatotoxicity in IBD settings; upadacitinib carries boxed warnings regarding serious infections, malignancy, major adverse cardiovascular events, and thrombosis.
Limitations and Next Steps
The ASPIRE-CD data derive from an industry-sponsored observational study without a concurrent control arm, limiting causal interpretation. The claims-based analyses are subject to residual confounding, selection bias, and coding variability. Post-hoc analyses of the PFCD Phase 3 trials, while exploratory and informative, were not pre-specified primary endpoints. Peer-reviewed publications from the DDW abstracts had not been released at the time of reporting. Prospective, head-to-head comparative trials would strengthen the clinical inferences suggested by these datasets.
References
- SKYRIZI [Package Insert]. North Chicago, IL: AbbVie Inc.; 2026.
- RINVOQ [Package Insert]. North Chicago, IL: AbbVie Inc.; 2025.
- AbbVie. AbbVie highlights new long-term data advancing treatment standards in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) at 2026 Digestive Disease Week. PR Newswire. May 5, 2026. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/abbvie-highlights-new-long-term-data-advancing-treatment-standards-in-inflammatory-bowel-diseases-ibd-at-2026-digestive-disease-week-302761754.html