Infective endocarditis (IE) starts as a vegetation on the valvular structures. The infection can extend to the adjacent periannular areas and erode into nearby cardiac chambers, leading to an aorto-cavitary fistula (ACF).1,2
Jill Nord, MD
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Articles by Jill Nord, MD
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- Multiple Aorto-Cavitary Fistulas
March 31st 2009
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