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Approximately 1 million cases of herpes zoster are diagnosed in the United States every year. Here, a refresher on the virus and a good look at the rash. 

Herpes Zoster

This 15-year-old has a pruritic, flat-topped, monomorphic papular rash on his face and arms for the past 6 days. He takes no medications, has not been sick recently, and has not been exposed to poison oak.

A.  Papular acrodermatitis of childhood (Gianotti-Crosti)

This monomorphic papular rash is unrelated to medications, recent sickness, or exposure to poison oak. It developed about 6 days earlier. 

Clinical Topics

Teen With Itchy Papular Rash on Face and Arms


This intensely itchy, blistering rash on the forearms and upper chest of a 13-year-old girl occurred after a day at the beach. The girl had polymorphic light eruption (PMLE), the most common abnormal reaction to UV light.

A. PMLE classically presents as a papular or papulovesicular eruption on the arms and anterior chest

B. The reaction usually begins 12 to 24 hours after an initial exposure to light of a suddenly increased intensity

C. Some parts of the body are severely involved while similarly exposed areas are paradoxically spared

D. The rash resolves after 7 to 10 days, often leaving whitish scarring

What are the characteristics of this blistering rash caused by exposure to UV light? 

Intensely Pruritic Rash After Sun Exposure in a Tween Girl 

A 42-year-old man presents with a pruritic rash characterized by pink, scaly plaques with a few crusted erosions on the elbows

knees, lower back, and buttocks. Review of systems was negative, although there was a strong positive family history of celiac disease. He took no medications and was otherwise healthy.

A pruritic, scaly rash appeared on this 42-year-old man's elbows, knees, lower back, and buttocks. Can you ID? 

Elbow Erosions 

A 67-year-old woman noted the appearance of several non-tender, rock-hard, purple-colored nodules on her legs. Her medical history was significant for distant non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

A 67-year-old woman noted the appearance of several non-tender, rock-hard, purple-colored nodules on her legs. Her medical history was significant for distant non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The violaceous color and configuration of the skin lesions suggests which of the following? 

Hard Purple Nodules: Your Dx?

A 47-year-old man presents c/o swelling in extremities-hands x1 week; legs, x1 month. Marked tumescence is seen in the hands and pitting edema is noted on lower legs. PMH: HTN, T2DM, hyperlipidemia; S/P cholecystectomy. Meds: HCTZ; lisinopril; amlodipine; insulin. See differential diagnosis below.

VIDEO: Note marked tumescence in patient’s hands, pitting edema in lower extremities. Does PMH contribute? Dx?

A 47-year-old Man with Peripheral Edema 

A 3-year-old boy is seen for unilateral swelling on the left side of the face, in front of and behind the left ear. Findings on examination of ears, oral cavity, and teeth are normal. He is afebrile (temp, 37°C [98.6°F]), cooperative, and in no distress. He is otherwise healthy. Past medical history includes 1 MMR vaccination.

The child is bright and alert and has no fever. The swelling is on the left side of the face only. Find other clues to a diagnosis in the accompanying video.  

3-Year-Old Boy With Unilateral Facial Swelling 

Paul Nemeska, MD

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