Infectious Disease

BETHESDA, Md. -- Two U.S.-led trials of men in sub-Saharan Africa were halted early when interim analyses of results confirmed that circumcision can significantly reduce heterosexual transmission of HIV.

BETHESDA, Md. -- Two U.S.-led trials of men in sub-Saharan Africa were halted early when interim analyses of results confirmed that circumcision can significantly reduce heterosexual transmission of HIV.

ANN ARBOR, Mich. -- For seasonal flu strains that were slightly different than predicted, the traditional killed-virus vaccine in 2004-2005 was about 75% effective, while a live attenuated-virus nasal spray was less effective, researchers reported.

ANN ARBOR, Mich. -- For seasonal flu strains that were slightly different than predicted, the traditional killed-virus vaccine in 2004-2005 was about 75% effective, while a live attenuated-virus nasal spray was less effective, researchers reported.

ROCKVILLE, Md. -- Frozen oysters on the half shell, imported from South Korea and distributed to five states, have been linked by the FDA and CDC to a small outbreak of norovirus in Oregon.

ROCKVILLE, Md. -- Frozen oysters on the half shell, imported from South Korea and distributed to five states, have been linked by the FDA and CDC to a small outbreak of norovirus in Oregon.

ROCKVILLE, Md. -- Frozen oysters on the half shell, imported from South Korea and distributed to five states, have been linked by the FDA and CDC to a small outbreak of norovirus in Oregon.

A 73-year-old woman presents with apainless, nonpruritic rash of recent onseton her right lower ankle. She has nofever, chills, nausea, vomiting, malaise,or other systemic complaints. Her medicalhistory includes fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis,stable angina, and anxiety;there is no history of connective tissuedisease.

RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C. -- Major hormonal contraception methods appear to have little or no effect on HIV susceptibility for women at moderate risk, according to a study of more than 4,000 African women.

ROCKVILLE, Md. -- Federal investigators said today they are still not sure what's behind the outbreak of Escherichia coli-associated disease at Taco Bell restaurants, even though the chain suspects green onions and has pulled them off its menu.

SEATTLE -- In a spiral of infection and susceptibility, the African epidemics of HIV and malaria may be fueling each other, according to researchers here. The interplay of the two diseases heightens their effect in regions where both are found.

LONDON -- A transfusion-linked case of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) here has British health authorities increasingly worried about the possibility of a mini-epidemic of the incurable disease from tainted blood.

Primary care physicians' implementation of routine screening is crucial to reducing the incidence of and mortality from HIV. Here's how to implement routine testing in your practice.

GRAZ, Austria -- The cause of a form of hemorrhagic colitis associated with treatment with penicillin and its derivatives has been pinned down, according to researchers here. The culprit is Klebsiella oxytoca.

MINNETONKA, Minn. -- The healthiest state in the nation appears to be Minnesota, land of Wobegon and 10,000 other lakes, low cardiovascular death rates, and a well-insured population, according to the United Health Foundation here.

NEW HAVEN, Conn. -- All adults in the U.S. should be routinely given a rapid test for HIV unless there's evidence that the local prevalence of undiagnosed infection is less than 0.2%, suggest researchers here.

NEW YORK -- Even while HIV is well controlled in the bloodstream, the gut is suffering a fierce assault on immune cells, according to researchers here. While the attack isn't clinically obvious, it may have long-term effects, especially as people with HIV age.

The goals of therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are to ameliorate symptoms, improve daily function, preserve lung function, identify and reduce exacerbations and, if possible, decrease mortality. A comprehensiveapproach that includes prevention, early identification, and pharmacotherapy-and oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and/or surgery when appropriate-can optimize patient outcomes.

Cutaneous horn is a descriptive rather than diagnostic term that refers to horn projections of tissue that are caused by a variety of neoplasms, including actinic keratosis, warts, Bowen disease, granular cell tumors, Paget disease, sebaceous neoplasms, basal and squamous cell carcinoma, and seborrheic keratosis.

NEW YORK -- HIV patients should not take drug holidays. That's the unambiguous warning emerging from the randomized Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) study.

A 71-year-old man presents with a2-week history of early satiety, decreasedappetite, postprandial nauseaand vomiting, jaundice, dark urine,acholic stools, and generalized pruritus.In addition, he reports a 4.5-kg(10-lb) weight loss within the past2 months.

I enjoyed Dr Henry Schneiderman’s “What’s Your Diagnosis?” case of an elderly woman with severe facial ecchymoses from a fall. Would Dr Schneiderman elaborate on several points about that case? This woman did not trip or complain of dizziness before she fell. What caused her to fall?

A 52-year-old man presented to his primary care physician with shortness of breath for 5 days, right-sided lower thoracic back pain, and dry cough. The patient was a 15-pack-year cigarette smoker who had emigrated from China to the United States in 1989. He had no significant history of occupational exposure or tuberculosis. He had no significant weight loss, and his past medical history was otherwise unremarkable.

Excessive sweating, or hyperhidrosis, can be primary or secondary. Cardiac disease can cause hyperhidrosis. If the results of his laboratory workup are normal and he does not show evidence of leukemia, lymphoma, infection, or diabetes, then I would try treating him for primary hyperhidrosis.

ABSTRACT: Painful recurrent ulceration of gingival tissue suggests a secondary intraoral presentation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Unlike the lesions of HSV, lesions associated with coxsackievirus do not erupt in the anterior mouth but rather on the soft palate and pharynx. Furthermore, unlike HSV infection, coxsackie infections may recur, because there is considerable viral variation. Patients with atrophic or erythematous candidiasis report burning pain and a metallic taste. The typical patient with benign mucous membrane pemphigoid is a woman older than 50 years; the condition usually involves the attached gingiva around the teeth. The lesions of erythema multiforme may erupt on any intraoral mucosa; biopsy may be required to rule out other conditions with similar presentations.