Expert Interviews

Panelists discuss how islet autoantibody testing serves as a critical screening tool for identifying Type 1 diabetes risk, with tests detecting antibodies against insulin, GAD65, IA-2, and ZnT8 proteins being the most clinically validated markers.

Panelists discuss how patient selection for teplizumab therapy requires careful screening for autoantibody positivity and preserved C-peptide function, followed by a 14-day outpatient infusion process that needs close monitoring for cytokine release syndrome and other potential adverse effects.

Panelists discuss how teplizumab demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials by delaying type 1 diabetes onset in high-risk patients.

Panelists discuss how teplizumab binds to T cells and modifies their function to preserve beta cell function, potentially delaying type 1 diabetes onset in at-risk individuals by an average of 2-3 years.

Panelists discuss how screening for autoantibodies can help identify individuals at risk for type 1 diabetes before symptoms develop, enabling earlier intervention and potentially delaying disease onset.

A geriatric psychiatrist talks about the importance of asking caregivers about behavior in order to understand and treat agitation in Alzheimer dementia.

Caissa Troutman, MD, shares 3 key strategies for managing hypertension in patients with obesity in primary care.

An expert discussion with JoAnn Pinkerton, MD, national lead for the OASIS clinical trial program of elinzanetant for moderate-to-severe VMS.

Panelists discuss how validated questionnaires, clinical assessment tools, and overnight monitoring devices can help identify patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnea, though polysomnography remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis.

Panelists discuss how various obstacles impede obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis, including limited access to sleep studies, lack of patient awareness, high costs, long wait times for testing, and inconsistent screening practices among health care providers.

Caissa Troutman, MD, stresses the importance of building trust with patients through active listening and consistent, non-judgmental communication.

Shagun Bindlish, MD, board member of the American Diabetes Association, details available options for treating venous disease in patients with obesity.

Guidance from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices on best practices for COVID-19 vaccination continues to evolve, Hopkins explained.

Agitation in Alzheimer disease is not limited to the later stages, geriatric psychiatrist George Grossberg, MD, explains; look for it across the spectrum.

Peter McAllister, MD,

Obesity medicine expert Caissa Troutman, MD, suggests using annual physicals as a "gateway" to identify patients with obesity with elevated blood pressure.

The geriatric psychiatrist refers in this interview to agitation in Alzheimer disease, a significant neuropsychiatric symptom that should not be dismissed.

Neurologist and clinical investigator Peter McAllister, MD, is eager to make progress in research on diagnosis and treatment and to hear more patient voices.

JoAnn Pinkerton, MD, national lead for the OASIS clinical trial program evaluating elinzanetant for menopausal VMS, discusses how non-hormonal therapy differs from HRT.

Caissa Troutman, MD, provides an overview of the connection between obesity and hypertension.

Panelists discuss how health care providers can identify patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnea through screening tools, clinical history assessment, and recognition of key symptoms such as daytime sleepiness, loud snoring, and witnessed breathing pauses during sleep.

Migraine expert Peter McAllister, MD, a long-time principal investigator for migraine studies, wonders if study design in this area needs to be re-evaluated.

Hopkins, of the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, is frustrated by the diminished societal response to the virus' circulation including ongoing low vaccination rates.

Nondrug approaches to calming an adult with Alzheimer disease who is agitated should be prioritized over pharmacotherapy, geriatric psychiatrist George Grossberg, MD, counsels.

Caissa Troutman, MD, an obesity medicine and family medicine physician, emphasizes early treatment of obesity, along with HTN management, can improve patient outcomes.

Antipsychotic medications are still used to treat potentially harmful acute agitation, George Grossberg, MD, explains, even though the adverse effects are well known.

"This AHS statement has exceeded our wildest dreams..." McAllister said of the impact of the society recommendation that CGRP inhibitors be considered among first-line treatment for migraine.

Less than 15% of women in menopause receive treatment for VMS, suggesting a need a for more education and awareness, according to JoAnn Pinkerton, MD.

Significant strides were made in 2024 in evaluating a wide range of treatments for migraine, including phase 2 findings with PACAP inhibition, PI McAllister said.

The onset of migraine with its wide range of symptoms may be telegraphed as early as 2 days before by the frequency of neuronal oscillation deep in the brain.