Prescribing for Elderly Patients: Beware of Pitfalls
August 1st 2007Drugs may confer serious risks along with substantial therapeutic benefits. The aging of the population and the trend toward increased outpatient drug use-and hence the likely rise in adverse events-underscore the need for ongoing surveillance of outpatient drug safety.
Heart Failure: Part 2, Update on Therapeutic Options
August 1st 2007ABSTRACT: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and ß-blockers are the cornerstone of heart failure medical therapy; unless contraindicated, start these agents as soon as possible after volume status has been optimized. Aldosterone receptor antagonists, angiotensin-receptor blockers, and a fixed-dose combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate (the last recommended especially for African Americans) can be used as add-on therapy. Prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillators reduce long-term mortality in symptomatic patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 35% or less. Cardiac resynchronization therapy improves symptoms and ventricular remodeling in some patients; indications include wide (more than 20 milliseconds) QRS complex on ECG, impaired LVEF (35% or less), and advanced heart failure symptoms (NYHA classes III and IV) despite optimal drug therapy. Measurement of natriuretic peptides and impedance cardiography both show promise for monitoring patients with heart failure and for guiding therapy, but definitive data to justify their routine use are still lacking.
Ecstasy: Nothing for Aging Adults to Rave About
August 1st 2007In the late 1980s, "club drugs" were typically limited to the so-called rave/techno subculture.1 More recently, studies have shown the growing appeal of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or ecstasy to middle-aged and older adults.