Substance-related Disorders

BETHESDA, Md. -- When out-of-control gambling marks Parkinson's disease patients who are started on dopamine agonists, they may have a younger disease onset, with a history of thrill-seeking behaviors and a family history of substance abuse.

For a week, a 39-year-old woman with a history of intravenous heroin use had generalized pain, fever, chills, and a nonproductive cough. She rated the pain at 10 on a scale of 1 to 10; it was sharp, constant, and unrelieved by heroin. She also reported dyspnea at rest, pleuritic chest pain, and a 15-lb weight loss over the past month. She had no significant medical history or drug allergies, smoked a half pack of cigarettes per day, and denied alcohol use.

Salivary gland enlargement, most commonly involving one or both parotid glands, is sometimes seen in association with HIV infection. Enlargement of the parotid gland may be due to diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome; lymphoepithelial cysts; or malignant tumors, such as squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas.1,2 Non–HIV-related causes of parotid enlargement include acute and chronic viral infection, granulomatous disease, malnutrition, alcoholism, and diabetes mellitus.3,4 Here we report the case of a 41-year-old HIV-infected man with fat maldistribution syndrome associated with type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Sialadenosis developed presumably as a result of HIV infection and hypertriglyceridemia.

The false sensation of bugs crawling on or within the skin is a sensory hallucination commonly associated with psychostimulant drugs. It was first reported in chronic cocaine users in 1889. Patients with this disorder often have self-induced dermatosis caused by intense picking and scratching of the skin.

A 50-year-old man with alcohol-induced cirrhosis was hospitalized with lower GI bleeding. On examination, he was pale, heart rate was 100 beats per minute, and blood pressure was 100/60 mm Hg. He was anemic (hemoglobin level, 9 g/dL) and thrombocytopenic (platelet count, 112,000/µL).

Alopecia was noted on the right anterior scalp of a 53-year-old man who had been hospitalized for jaundice of 2 weeks' duration. The hairs in the affected area were broken off at various lengths.

BALTIMORE -- A genome-wide analysis has found 51 genetic regions that appear to be linked to alcoholism, including genes involved in cell signaling, gene regulation, and development, among other things.

BOSTON - The path to alcoholism starts with a drink at a remarkably young age, according to a study here.

A 32-year-old man presented with a yellow, papular rash on the buttocks and extensor surfaces. His medical history included diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, obesity, and polysubstance abuse. Laboratory results disclosed a serum triglyceride level of 5,793 mg/dL.

A 66-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining of vomiting “coffee ground” emesis for 3 days. His history revealed chronic alcoholism for the last 30 years.

A 57-year-old man was brought to the emergency department with fever, chills, and a productive cough of 1-week's duration. He had a history of alcoholism.

This contorted hand of a 49-year-old man demonstrates Dupuytren's contracture, a disorder first described by Baron Guillaume Dupuytren in 1831. Although the condition may occur as a completely independent abnormality, it is commonly associated with chronic liver disease, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, palmar fasciitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and alcoholism. This patient had a history of alcohol abuse.

Twenty-four hours after a car accident, a 47-year-old man with chronic low back pain-which had been diagnosed years earlier as "arthritis" of the spine-presented with back and chest pain and requested an opioid analgesic. The patient had a history of alcoholism and illicit drug use. Tenderness of the thoracic area was noted.

Bullae had recently appeared on the dorsa of the hands and fingers of a 46-year-old man. His medical history was significant for alcoholism, discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), and hepatitis C. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was ruled out; the patient’s symptoms did not meet the American Rheumatism Association criteria for SLE.